INTRO: One of the most controversial stories in the Bible is the story of the Flood. The flood is also one of the most ridiculed stories in the Bible. Skeptics have attacked this story in every way possible. Some have asked – Where did all the water come from? Many have tried to say that the Flood was simply a local event and did not cover the earth.
SPS: Today we are going to discuss the Biblical Flood.
Let’s start by reading the story. I will not cover every word of the story for the sake of time.
Genesis 6:1-12 Here we see that men had corrupted themselves and God is sorry for all the violence on the face of the earth.
Gen 6:15 The size of the ark. “The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits.”
From ISBE: It was 300 cubits long, 50 cubits broad, 30 cubits high, which according to Petrie’s estimate of a cubit as 22.5 inches would make it to be 562 1/2 ft. long, 93 2/3 ft. wide, 56 1/4 ft. deep, which are natural proportions of a ship of that size. The dimensions of the “Great Eastern,” built in 1858, were 692 ft. long, 83 ft. broad, 58 ft. deep; those of the “Celtic” built in 1901 are 700 ft. long, 75 ft. wide, 49 1/3 ft. deep. It is extremely improbable that such reasonable dimensions should have been assigned to the Ark except they were based on fact.
Genesis 6:13-22 God instructs Noah to take at least one pair of all the animals into the ark.
Question: Why does God have Noah build this ark if the flood is only going to be local? Animals would survive over most of the earth if the explanation given by some is to be believed.
Genesis 7:1-6 Here we see that God says he is going to destroy all living things. What terminology would you like to see if this is describing a local event.
Genesis 7:11 The fountains of the deep. This event obviously produced Geologic Strata) The source of water was not only the “air” – but also water under the earth. Remember in the Garden of Eden the water that came out from the midst of the Garden.
SOURCE OF THE WATER:
1. The Atmosphere
2. The fountains of the deep – probably caused volcanoes, etc &
geologic strata.
3. God created it.
HOW COULD THE HIGH MOUNTAINS BE COVERED WITH WATER? Answer the moving of the continents probably occurred much closer to the present that Geologists want to admit. If it occurred during or after the flood – you don’t need nearly as much water to cover the “mountains”. Let’s also remember that the continents are floating. All God has to do is lower the continents and the earth goes under water.
One writer (Dr. Hugh Ross) says the Flood was local and the Bible indicates that God did not create the water. I found this to be very sad. The Bible is discounted because “science” has not proved an event.
THE BIBLE WARNS THAT SKEPTICS WOULD COME IN THE LAST DAYS DISPUTING THE FLOOD AS A REAL WORLD EVENT.
II Peter 3:4-7 knowing this first: that scoffers will come in the last days, walking according to their own lusts, 4 and saying, "Where is the promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of creation." 5 For this they willfully forget: that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of water and in the water, 6 by which the world that then existed perished, being flooded with water.7 But the heavens and the earth which are now preserved by the same word, are reserved for fire until the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.
Gen 7:13 Notice the details of the account. It has the mark of something that was written down and recorded. Not something that was just passed down by word of mouth.
Gen 7:17-19 Notice that the flood is a powerful thing – it covers all the earth. Notice the term – all the highest hills under the whole heavens. How can you have a local flood with this type of terminology? This story becomes a myth if you think the flood is local.
Genesis 8:1 Notice the fountains of the deep were stopped. God performs a miracle in protecting Noah.
Genesis 8:4 The Ark landed on the mountains of Aarat. Here is a problem for those believing in a local flood.
From New Unger’s Bible Dictionary:
Ar´arat (Genesis 8:4; Jeremiah 51:27). This name, applied to
the country between the Tigris and the Caucasus Mountains, known as Armenia
and called in the Assyrian inscription Urartu, came to apply to the mountain
range there. The highest of these mountains, Agúri Dagú,
on the Russian border in eastern Turkey, is usually seized on as the place
where Noah’s ark landed because it is the highest mountain (16,946 feet)
in the chain and in the entire Near East.
Notice the highest mountain there is 16,946 feet. The lowest
area there is around 5 or 6 thousand feet. If you believe that the
Ark landed on a mountain – not in the valley which the Bible indicates
– then the lowest reasonable height is around 10,000 feet. If those
mountains are as high today as they were then – the Flood is Universal
in the absolute sense.
Genesis 8:9-11 Noah put out a Dove which finally brings an indication that the flood is receding.
Genesis 9:12-13 Apparently a rainbow is the sign the God will not again strike the earth with a flood.
CONFIRMATION OF THE FLOOD
Interestingly enough the story of the Flood is one where we can find confirmation of outside of the Bible.
It seems like virtually every area of earth has some kind of flood story.
Let’s see a couple of them:
From International Standard Bible Encyclopedia:
3. THE EGYPTIAN TRADITION
An Egyptian legend of the Deluge is referred to in Plato’s Timaeus,
where the gods are said to have purified the earth by a great flood of
water from which only a few shepherds escaped by climbing to the summit
of a high mountain. In the Egyptian documents themselves, however, we find
only that Ra’ the creator, on account of the insolence of man, proceeded
to exterminate him by a deluge of blood which flowed up to Heliopolis,
the home of the gods; but the heinousness of the deed so affected him that
he repented and swore never more to destroy mankind.
5. THE CHINESE TRADITION
The Chinese tradition is embodied in sublime language in their book
of Li-Kið “And now the pillars of heaven were broken, the earth shook
to its very foundation; the sun and the stars changed their motions; the
earth fell to pieces, and the waters enclosed within its bosom burst forth
with violence, and overflowed. Man having rebelled against heaven, the
system of the universe was totally disordered, and the grand harmony of
nature destroyed. All these evils arose from man’s despising the supreme
power of the universe. He fixed his looks upon terrestrial objects and
loved them to excess, until gradually he
became transformed into the objects which he loved, and celestial reason
entirely
abandoned him.”
10. CUNEIFORM TABLETS
An earlier and far more important tradition was found inscribed on
cuneiform tablets in Babylonia dating from 3000 BC. These were discovered
by George Smith in 1870 and filled as many as 180 lines. The human hero
of the account, corresponding to Noah of the Bible and Xisuthrus of Berosus,
is Gilgamesh, who lived is Shurippak, a city full of violence, on the banks
of the Euphrates. He was warned of an approaching flood and exhorted to
pull down his house and build a ship and cause “seed of life of every sort
to go up into it.” The ship, he says, was to be “exact in its dimensions,
equal in its breadth and its length.… Its sides were 140 cubits high, the
border of its top equaled 140 cubits.… I constructed it in 6 stories, dividing
it into 7 compartments. Its floors I divided into 9 chambers.… I chose
a mast (or rudder pole), and supplied what was necessary. Six sars of bitumen
I poured over the outside; three sars of bitumen over the inside.”
THE GEOLOGIC RECORD
Some have taught that the Flood was universal but did not produce any strata on the earth. They say that because modern Geological Theories do not date strata during the time of the Flood. Let’s just take a look at a couple of places on earth where fossils are deposited in such a way similar to what would happen in a flood.
Fossils themselves – must be preserved under some kind of catastrophic circumstances. Fish can die in a lake or the ocean and they never are deposited under normal circumstances. This is a well known fact. Millions of buffalo were killed in the great plains and how many fossils of them do we have today? None that I know of!! So the flood story lends itself in that way to the formation of fossils. If it rained for 40 days and nights on the earth – then tons & tons of mud must have covered the humans and animals on the earth at that time.
From Encarta: SEDIMINTARY STRATA -- Sedimentary Rock, in geology, rock composed of geologically reworked materials, formed by the accumulation and consolidation of mineral and particulate matter deposited by the action of water or, less frequently, wind or glacial ice. Most sedimentary rocks are characterized by parallel or discordant bedding that reflects variations in either the rate of deposition of the material or the nature of the matter that is deposited.
From the Dynamic Earth, Page 30 75% of the rocks seen on the earth are sedimentary in origin. 25 % I igneous (from volcanoes, etc.). If the earth was covered by water during the flood we would expect formations caused by water to be present. That is exactly the case. In some areas is covers the earth around 5 miles deep.
BURIAL GROUNDS
From the Flood by Rehwinkel (1951) (Page 183) “A similar deposit
is found at Agate Springs in Sioux County in the northwestern corner of
Nebraska. What remains of the hill covers about ten acres.
This bone bed was accidentally discovered in 1876. It contains the
bones of rhinoceroses, camels, giant wild boars, and other animals, bured
together in a confused mass as only water would deposit them. It is estimated
that the bones of about nine thousand complete animals are buried on this
one hill. …… hence it is likely that many times that number of animals
were brought together at this hill and buried there by the action of water.
… This is a fact that is most important. Animals of every kind
died in great numbers and were buried almost instantly.”
You can study the Geological Record and find abundant evidence of catastrophe.
Why don’t Geologists know that some of these burials belong to the flood.
Answer: They date them too old.
One reason: The Geologic Column
What many don’t realize is that creatures have shown up living that
were supposed to be dead for millions of years by the column. The
bottom line in Geology is not radioactive dating methods – the bottom line
is the index fossil (or theory of evolution). Example: Trilobites
came in the Cambrian and went extinct long before men.
Here is a list of discoveries that bring into question the Geologic
Column. This is not all of these creatures – there are more.
CREATURES FOUND ALIVE WHICH WERE SUPPOSEDLY EXTINCT:
Coelacanth (90 million years)
Pine Tree (variety supposedly extinct)
1. "Coelacanth, lobe-finned fish that first appeared during the Devonian
period, about 350 million years ago, and represented today by only one
species. Lobe-finned fishes are so named because they have a fleshy, scale-covered
lobe at the base of several fins, in contrast to the ray-finned fishes,
in which such lobes are absent."
2. Pine Tree (with waxy cover) – found in Australia.
(From SLC Tribune – 12/15/94 – Article Newfound Pine Goes Back in Time
– It was Believed to be Extinct) “David Noble was out on a holiday
hike when he stepped of the beaten path and into the prehistoric age. (Par)
Venturing into an isolated grove in a rain –forest preserve ……..
officer suddenly found himself in a real-life Jurassic Park – standing
amid trees thought to have disappeared 150 million years ago. (Par) The
discovery is the equivalent to finding a small dinosaur still alive on
Earth----(par) The biggest tree towers 180 feet with a 10 foot girth -----
The trees are covered in dense, waxy foliage and have a knobby bark that
makes them look like they are coated with a bubbly chocolate.”
Example: In the middle of Grand Canyon there is a space of inches where 100 million years of Geologic Time is missing. If you didn’t know better – you would think that strata was deposited during one flood event.
DATING METHODS
THE METHOD OF MEASURING THE RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT CAN CHANGE THE DATE:
Article from National Geographic: November 1990
“The oldest known Mayas turns out to be younger than archaeologists
originally believed. (Par) The remains of a woman found below a layered
platform at a site called Cuello in northern Belize had been thought to
be more than 4,000 years old…
As a result of new dating methods, about a thousand years have been
trimmed from the chronology. Norman Hammond of Boston University,
who began digging a Cuello in the 1970’s says the remains now are believed
to be from about 1200 B.C., still earlier than any other known Maya settlement.
(Par) The accelerator mass spectrometer allows scientists to analyze
the bones of the ancient Maya without severely damaging them. The
new technique can date carbon samples weighing only a few milligrams; a
specimen the size of a match head will do.”
Notice: A new methods of C-14 dating has changed by 1000 years
the earliest Maya civilization. Realize – just because some “absolute”
dating method has been used to date something before the flood does not
mean much.
Appendix from Pharaohs & Kings: Years ago we were told that
“tree rings” proved that C-14 dating was accurate before the Flood.
Page 388 “Reference to the radiocarbon calibration curve supplied
by the science of dendrochonology shows that there is close agreement between
the standard decay curve of C-14 and the dendro-calibration for the last
two and a half millennia, but around 500 BC the two begin to diverge.
As we work backward , starting near the end of the TIP, we see the calibrated
dates gradually getting older than the standard decay curve dates—so that
by 4000 BP the gap is 250 years and by 7000 BP it has risen to 630 years…..Mazar’s
refusal to use calibrated dates amount to a rejection of the dendrochronology
curve.”
Page 389 “The problem he found was the t-value wiggle-match computer
test produced not one but three results—1258, 1140 and 981 BC. Each
had a t-value greater than 4 which, according to the dendrochronologists,
makes all three 99.9 per cent certain to be correct. As R. M. Porter
noted in 1994, Kuniholm ended up rejecting the date with the highest t-value
of 4 (981 BC) in favor of the 1140 BC., presumably because the latter better
fitted the historical expectations for destruction of the gate.)
David Rohl – author of the book rejected the “problems” which C-14 supposedly
gave his new Chronology by C-14 Dating. Notice: Here again
an archaeologist arbitrarily rejects a date from C-14 because it doesn’t
fit what he felt the date should be.
(Page 385) “The problems created by radiocarbon dating
remains to this day, for example Israeli archaeologist A. Mazar refuses
to use C-14 dating for Palestinian archaeological remains of the fourth
and third millennia BC.”
Dating methods used have serious problems and assumptions that show
something is wrong. I am going to give one of many examples.
LIVING MOLLUSKS—Give dates that are thousands of years old (they come
from river bottoms).
POTASSIUM ARGON DATING.
Potassium is an unstable radioactive element that changes to a gas
Argon in time.
See Handout: Stansfield, William D., The Science of Evolution (New
York: Macmillan, 1977), 614 pp. Stansfield was at the University of California,
Santa Barbara.
p 80
“Several methods have been devised for estimating the age of the earth
and its layers of rocks. These methods rely heavily on the assumption of
uniformitarianism, i.e., natural processes have proceeded at relatively
constant rates throughout the earth’s history.”
p 84
“It is obvious that radiometric techniques may not be the absolute
dating methods that they are claimed to be. Age estimates on a given geological
stratum by different radiometric methods are often quite different (sometimes
by hundreds of millions of years). There is no absolutely reliable long-term
radiological ‘clock.’”
Hawaiian Lava Flows give anomalous dates.
Mount St. Helens is giving anomalous dates:
Austin, Steven A., “Excess Argon within Mineral Concentrates from the
New Dacite Lava Dome at Mount St. Helens Volcano,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical
Journal, vol. 10, no. 3 (1996), pp. 335?344.
p 335
“Abstract. The conventional K-Ar dating method was applied to the 1986
dacite flow from the new lava dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington. Porphyritic
dacite which solidified on the surface of the lava dome in 1986 gives a
whole rock K-Ar ‘age’ of 0.35 ± 0.05 million years (Ma). Mineral
concentrates from this same dacite give K-Ar ‘ages’ from 0.35 ±
0.06 MA to 2.8 ± 0.6 Ma. These ‘ages’ are, of course, preposterous.
The fundamental dating assumption (‘no radiogenic argon was present when
the rock formed’) is questioned by these data. Instead data from this Mount
St. Helens dacite argue that significant ‘excess argon’ was present when
the lava solidified in 1986…. This study of Mount St. Helens dacite causes
the more fundamental question to be asked—how accurate are K-Ar ‘ages’
from the many other phenocryst-containing lava flows worldwide?”
ARCHAEOLOGY: We have seen why some would date things too early
for the Flood by using C-14. If you want to see why archaeologists
have misdated other ancient cultures, get the Book “Pharaoh’s & Kings”.
David Rohl shows that the Egyptian Chronologies should be shortened by
100’s of years. There is also a video by the same name you can get.
(Show book)
CONCLUSION: The Flood was a great catastrophic event! There
is no reason scientifically to disbelieve that it happened on a universal
scale.
HANDOUT
NOAH’S FLOOD
Bill Jahns
May 8, 2000
BOOKS ABOUT THE FLOOD AND CREATION.
REALIZE THAT WE WILL NOT AGREE WITH EVERYTHING IN THESE BOOKS.
THEY CAN BE OBTAINED FROM YOUR LOCAL LIBRARY OR THROUGH VARIOUS SOURCES.
1. Noah’s Ark, A Feasibility Study, by John Woodmoroppe, Institute for Creation Research
2. Evolution, A Theory in Crisis, by Michael Denton, Adler & Adler Publishers.
3. The Flood, by Alfred Rehwinkel, Concordia Publishing House, Saint Louis, MO.
4. The Mammoth and the Flood, by Sir Henry H. Howorth, published by
The Sourcebook Project, P.O. Box 107, Glen Arm, MD 21057
5. Pharaohs and Kings, by David Rohl, Crown Publishers, Inc.
(Section on C-14 dating)
6. The Genesis Flood, by Henry Morris and John Whitcomb, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
7. Noah's Ark: Fable or Fact? by Violet Cummings. Creation-Science Research Center.
8. Bones of Contention, by Marvin Lubenow, Master Books, Colorado Springs, Co. (Order toll free at: 800-999-3777)
9. Forbidden Archaeology, by Michael Cremo and Richard Thompson, Govardhan Hill Inc. (1993)
10. Anomalies in Geology: Physical, Chemical, Biological, by William Corless, The Sourcebook Project, P.O. Box 107, Glen Arm, MD 21057.
11. Darwin On Trial, by Phillip E. Johnson, InterVarsity Press, P.O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, Ill 60515
12. God's Time-Records in Ancient Sediments, by Dan Wonderly
13. Christianity & The Age of the Earth, by David A. Young, Artisan Sales.
14. Secrets of the Lost Races, by Rene Noorbergen, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc.
15. The Grand Canyon, Monument to Catastrophe, by Steven Austin Ph.D, Institute for Creation Research
16. Darwin’s Black Box, My Michael Behe, Free Press
QUOTES
Gen 6:15 “The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits.”
From INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPEDIA:
Article: Ark of Noah “It was 300 cubits long, 50 cubits
broad, 30 cubits high, which according to Petrie’s estimate of a cubit
as 22.5 inches would make it to be 562 1/2 ft. long, 93 2/3 ft. wide, 56
1/4 ft. deep, which are natural proportions of a ship of that size. The
dimensions of the “Great Eastern,” built in 1858, were 692 ft. long, 83
ft. broad, 58 ft. deep; those of the “Celtic” built in 1901 are 700 ft.
long, 75 ft. wide, 49 1/3 ft. deep. It is extremely improbable that such
reasonable dimensions should have been assigned to the Ark except they
were based on fact.”
New Unger’s Bible Dictionary: Ar´arat (Genesis 8:4; Jeremiah
51:27). “This name, applied to the country between the Tigris
and the Caucasus Mountains, known as Armenia and called in the Assyrian
inscription Urartu, came to apply to the mountain range there. The highest
of these mountains, Agúri Dagú, on the Russian border in
eastern Turkey, is usually seized on as the place where Noah’s ark landed
because it is the highest mountain (16,946 feet) in the chain and in the
entire Near East. “
From International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Article:
The Deluge of Noah THE EGYPTIAN TRADITION “An Egyptian legend of
the Deluge is referred to in Plato’s Timaeus, where the gods are said to
have purified the earth by a great flood of water from which only a few
shepherds escaped by climbing to the summit of a high mountain. In the
Egyptian documents themselves, however, we find only that Ra’ the creator,
on account of the insolence of man, proceeded to exterminate him by a deluge
of blood which flowed up to Heliopolis, the home of the gods; but the heinousness
of the deed so affected him that he repented and swore never more to destroy
mankind.”
From International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Article: The
Deluge of Noah
THE CHINESE TRADITION “The Chinese tradition is embodied in sublime
language in their book of Li-Kið “And now the pillars of heaven were
broken, the earth shook to its very foundation; the sun and the stars changed
their motions; the earth fell to pieces, and the waters enclosed within
its bosom burst forth with violence, and overflowed. Man having rebelled
against heaven, the system of the universe was
totally disordered, and the grand harmony of nature destroyed. All
these evils arose from man’s despising the supreme power of the universe.
He fixed his looks upon terrestrial objects and loved them to excess, until
gradually he became transformed into the objects which he loved, and celestial
reason entirely
abandoned him.”
CUNEIFORM TABLETS “An earlier and far more important tradition
was found inscribed on cuneiform tablets in Babylonia dating from 3000
BC. These were discovered by George Smith in 1870 and filled as many as
180 lines. The human hero of the account, corresponding to Noah of the
Bible and Xisuthrus of Berosus, is Gilgamesh, who lived is Shurippak, a
city full of violence, on the banks of the Euphrates. He was warned of
an approaching flood and exhorted to pull down his house and build a ship
and cause “seed of life of every sort to go up into it.” The ship, he says,
was to be “exact in its dimensions, equal in its breadth and its length.…
Its sides were 140 cubits high, the border of its top equaled 140 cubits.…
I constructed it in 6 stories, dividing it into 7 compartments. Its floors
I divided into 9 chambers.… I chose a mast (or rudder pole), and supplied
what was necessary. Six sars of bitumen I poured over the outside; three
sars of bitumen over the inside.”
BURIAL GROUNDS
From the Flood by Rehwinkel (1951) (Page 183) “A similar deposit
is found at Agate Springs in Sioux County in the northwestern corner of
Nebraska. What remains of the hill covers about ten acres.
This bone bed was accidentally discovered in 1876. It contains the
bones of rhinoceroses, camels, giant wild boars, and other animals, buried
together in a confused mass as only water would deposit them. It is estimated
that the bones of about nine thousand complete animals are buried on this
one hill. …… hence it is likely that many times that number of animals
were brought together at this hill and buried there by the action of water.
… This is a fact that is most important. Animals of every kind
died in great numbers and were buried almost instantly.”
A FEW ANAMOLIES: (OOPS FOR THE EVOLUTIONISTS)
There are many living specimens which supposedly went extinct or have
not changed through millions of years of time in the Geologic Record.
This shows that something is wrong with the evolutionary interpretation
given the Geologic Record. If these specimens are alive today and
were supposed to be extinct – then perhaps the whole dating system they
use is wrong!
"Coelacanth, lobe-finned fish that first appeared during the Devonian
period, about 350 million years ago, and represented today by only one
species. Lobe-finned fishes are so named because they have a fleshy, scale-covered
lobe at the base of several fins, in contrast to the ray-finned fishes,
in which such lobes are absent."
Pine Tree (with waxy cover) – found in Australia. (From SLC Tribune
– 12/15/94 – Article Newfound Pine Goes Back in Time – It was Believed
to be Extinct) “David Noble was out on a holiday hike when he stepped
of the beaten path and into the prehistoric age. (Par) Venturing into an
isolated grove in a rain –forest preserve …….. officer suddenly found
himself in a real-life Jurassic Park – standing amid trees thought to have
disappeared 150 million years ago. (Par) The discovery is the equivalent
to finding a small dinosaur still alive on Earth----(par) The biggest tree
towers 180 feet with a 10 foot girth ----- The trees are covered
in dense, waxy foliage and have a knobby bark that makes them look like
they are coated with a bubbly chocolate.”
DATING METHODS
POTASSIUM ARGON DATING. Stansfield, William D., The Science of
Evolution (New York: Macmillan, 1977), 614 pp. Stansfield was at the University
of California, Santa Barbara.p 80“Several methods have been devised for
estimating the age of the earth and its layers of rocks. These methods
rely heavily on the assumption of uniformitarianism, i.e., natural processes
have proceeded at relatively constant rates throughout the earth’s history.”p
84 “It is obvious that radiometric techniques may not be the absolute dating
methods that they are claimed to be. Age estimates on a given geological
stratum by different radiometric methods are often quite different (sometimes
by hundreds of millions of years). There is no absolutely reliable long-term
radiological ‘clock.’”
Article from National Geographic: November 1990
“The oldest known Mayans turns out to be younger than archaeologists
originally believed. (Par) The remains of a woman found below a layered
platform at a site called Cuello in northern Belize had been thought to
be more than 4,000 years old…As a result of new dating methods, about a
thousand years have been trimmed from the chronology. Norman Hammond
of Boston University, who began digging a Cuello in the 1970’s says the
remains now are believed to be from about 1200 B.C., still earlier than
any other known Maya settlement. (Par) The accelerator mass
spectrometer allows scientists to analyze the bones of the ancient Maya
without severely damaging them. The new technique can date carbon
samples weighing only a few milligrams; a specimen the size of a match
head will do.”
Notice: A new method of C-14 dating has changed by 1000 years
the earliest Maya civilization. Realize that just because some “absolute”
dating method has been used to date something before the flood does not
mean much.
Mount St. Helens is giving anomalous dates: Austin, Steven A.,
“Excess Argon within Mineral Concentrates from the New Dacite Lava Dome
at Mount St. Helens Volcano,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, vol.
10, no. 3 (1996), pp. 335?344.
p 335 “Abstract. The conventional K-Ar dating method was applied to
the 1986 dacite flow from the new lava dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington.
Porphyritic dacite which solidified on the surface of the lava dome in
1986 gives a whole rock K-Ar ‘age’ of 0.35 ± 0.05 million years
(Ma). Mineral concentrates from this same dacite give K-Ar ‘ages’ from
0.35 ± 0.06 MA to 2.8 ± 0.6 Ma. These ‘ages’ are, of course,
preposterous. The fundamental dating assumption (‘no radiogenic argon was
present when the rock formed’) is questioned by these data. Instead data
from this Mount St. Helens dacite argue that significant ‘excess argon’
was present when the lava solidified in 1986…. This study of Mount St.
Helens dacite causes the more fundamental question to be asked—how accurate
are K-Ar ‘ages’ from the many other phenocryst-containing lava flows worldwide?”
Appendix from Pharaohs & Kings: Years ago we were told that
“tree rings” proved that C-14 dating was accurate before the Flood.
Page 385 “The problems created by radiocarbon dating remains to this
day, for example Israeli archaeologist A. Mazar refuses to use C-14 dating
for Palestinian archaeological remains of the fourth and third millennia
BC.”
Page 388 “Reference to the radiocarbon calibration curve supplied
by the science of dendrochonology shows that there is close agreement between
the standard decay curve of C-14 and the dendro-calibration for the last
two and a half millennia, but around 500 BC the two begin to diverge.
As we work backward , starting near the end of the TIP, we see the calibrated
dates gradually getting older than the standard decay curve dates—so that
by 4000 BP the gap is 250 years and by 7000 BP it has risen to 630 years…..Mazar’s
refusal to use calibrated dates amount to a rejection of the dendrochronology
curve.”
Page 389 “The problem he found was the t-value wiggle-match computer
test produced not one but three results—1258, 1140 and 981 BC. Each
had a t-value greater than 4 which, according to the dendrochronologists,
makes all three 99.9 per cent certain to be correct. As R. M. Porter
noted in 1994, Kuniholm ended up rejecting the date with the highest t-value
of 4 (981 BC) in favor of the 1140 BC. presumably because the latter better
fitted the historical expectations for destruction of the gate.”
David Rohl – author of the book rejected the “problems” which C-14
supposedly gave his new Chronology by C-14 Dating.
Notice: Here again an archaeologist arbitrarily rejects a date
from C-14 because it doesn’t fit what he felt the date should be.